Most sardines feed on plankton; you should know they consume tiny phytoplankton and zooplankton, including copepods, forming a key link in marine food webs. Primary…
Just watch a sardine school and you see how they protect themselves: they form tight schools, perform synchronized turns, emit silver flashes to confuse, and…
Sardines spawn in open water, where you should know they release eggs and milt for external fertilization, producing millions of planktonic eggs that face high…